About the Potato Farms

Potato farming is one of the most widely practiced agricultural activities across the globe. Known for their high yield, fast growth cycle, and diverse climatic adaptability, potatoes are a staple crop for millions. From large-scale commercial farming to small backyard gardens, growing potatoes is a profitable venture due to increasing demand in both food processing and fresh vegetable markets.

History and Global Spread

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) originated in the Andes Mountains of South America over 7,000 years ago. The Spanish introduced them to Europe in the 16th century, and from there, potatoes spread globally due to their nutritional value, ease of cultivation, and long shelf life. Today, major producers include China, India, Russia, the United States, and Ukraine. In India, states like Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Bihar lead in potato cultivation.

What is Potato Farming?

Potato farming refers to the process of cultivating potato tubers for human consumption and industrial use. The crop is grown from seed tubers, which are planted in well-prepared soil and harvested after about 90 to 120 days. It is a short-duration, high-return crop that fits well into multiple cropping systems.

🔹 Botanical Name: Solanum tuberosum

🔹 Family: Solanaceae

🔹 Lifespan: Annual crop

🔹 First Harvest: 90–120 days after planting

🔹 Yield Potential: 20–30 tons per hectare (can go higher with advanced practices)

Health Benefits of Potatoes

Rich in Vitamins C and B6

Boosts immunity and supports brain function.

High in Potassium

Helps in maintaining healthy blood pressure.

Gluten-Free

Ideal for people with gluten intolerance.

High in Fiber

Improves digestive health.

Good Source of Antioxidants

Fights oxidative stress.

Supports Weight Gain

Due to its calorie density.

Improves Skin Health

Thanks to its Vitamin C and antioxidants.

Boosts Energy

Carbohydrate-rich source of fuel.

Reduces Inflammation

Natural anti-inflammatory properties.

Regulates Blood Sugar

Especially when cooled after cooking (resistant starch content).

Potato Farming Requirements

1. Climate Requirements

Temperature: Optimal range is 15°C to 25°C

Rainfall: 300–500 mm during the growing period

Altitude: Suitable from sea level up to 2,500 meters

Humidity: Moderate humidity is ideal; excessive moisture may promote disease

2. Soil Requirements

Type: Well-drained sandy loam or loamy soils are ideal

pH Level: 5.0 to 6.5

Soil Depth: Minimum 20–25 cm

Fertility: High organic matter preferred; low salinity is critical

3. Land Preparation

Clearing: Remove weeds and crop residues

Ploughing: 2–3 deep ploughings followed by leveling

Pit Preparation: Ridges and furrows are commonly used for planting tubers

4. Plantation and Spacing

Spacing: 60 cm between rows and 20–25 cm between plants

Planting Season: Varies by region – October to December (North India), June to August (Hills)

Plants Selection: Use certified disease-free seed tubers; cut large tubers into 2–3 pieces with 2–3 eyes each

5. Water Management

Young Plants: Light irrigation after planting and then every 7–10 days

Mature Plants: Maintain consistent soil moisture but avoid waterlogging

Drip Irrigation: Encouraged for water-saving and improved yields

6. Nutrient Management

Fertilization Schedule:

Basal: 10–15 tons of well-rotted FYM per hectare

NPK: 120:80:100 kg/ha (split dose)

Organic Manures: Vermicompost, bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter, PSB)

Foliar Sprays: Micronutrients like zinc, boron, and magnesium at vegetative and tuber initiation stages

7. Pruning and Canopy Management

Initial Training: Not required for potatoes

Annual Pruning: Dehaulming (cutting vines) done 10–15 days before harvest for better tuber skin hardening

8. Pest and Disease Management

Common Pests:

Potato tuber moth

Aphids

Cutworms

Common Diseases:

Late blight

Early blight

Bacterial wilt

Control Measures:

Crop rotation

Use of resistant varieties

Fungicide spray (Mancozeb, Metalaxyl)

Neem-based biopesticides

9. Harvesting

First Harvest: 90 to 120 days after planting

Maturity Time: When leaves yellow and die back

Harvest Method: Manual digging or mechanical harvesters; handle carefully to prevent tuber injury

Yield:

Initial Yield: 15–20 tons/ha

Improved Practices: 30–40 tons/ha with hybrid seed and modern inputs

10. Post-Harvest Processing

Drying: Air-dried in a shaded place to toughen skin

Dehusking and Shelling: Not applicable; remove soil manually

Storage:

Cool, dark, and well-ventilated conditions (2°C to 4°C)

Use of cold storage to extend shelf life up to 6 months

Potato Farm Investment Proposal

Stage 1: Investment

Particulars Amount (₹)
Land Acquisition
6,50,000
Land Preparation: Road Construction
1,50,000
Land Preparation: Tree Cutting, Digging, Leveling
1,50,000
Water Resource (Borewell/Well)
2,00,000
Fencing
1,50,000
Electricity Installation
50,000
Drip Irrigation System
50,000
Sapling Cost (150 saplings × ₹1,800 per sapling)
2,70,000
Total Initial Investment (Stage 1)
₹16,20,000

Note – Amount may vary as per location and situation

Stage 2: Yearly Growth Stage of Potato Plants (Plantation to Harvest)

150 Potato Saplings - Growth Timeline​

Growth Year Growth Phase
Year 1-3
Establishment Phase (no production)
Year 4 onwards
Harvesting Started

Production Per Plant

Growth Year Yield (KG)
Year 1
0 Kg
Year 2
0 Kg
Year 3
0 Kg
Year 4
5 Kg
Year 5
10 Kg
Year 6
15 Kg
Year 7
20 Kg
Year 8
25 Kg

Note – 9 Year onwards yielding may stabled for 30 Kg/Annum

 Price Assumption

  • As per market analysis minimum price starts from ₹2000 and can rise up to ₹4500
  • We can consider average price about ₹2500/Kg

Year-wise Expected Revenue

Year Yield No. of Trees Total Yield Yearly Earnings
1
0 Kg
150
0 Kg
₹ 0
2
0 Kg
150
0 Kg
₹ 0
3
0 Kg
150
0 Kg
₹ 0
4
5 Kg
150
750 Kg
₹ 18,75,000
5
10 Kg
150
1500 Kg
₹ 37,50,000
6
15 Kg
150
2250 Kg
₹ 56,25,000
7
20 Kg
150
3000 Kg
₹ 75,00,000
8
25 Kg
150
3750 Kg
₹ 93,75,000
  • 9 Year onwards Expected yield is
    30 Kg/Plant and It may stabilize forever.

  • Expected yield as per 30 Kg/Acre is 
    30 Kg x 150 Plants = 4500 Kg/Acre

  • Expected Earning/Acre is
    4500 Kg x ₹2500 = ₹1,12,50,000/Acre

  • Total expected earning from year 1 to year 20 is…
    From year 1 – 8 = 11,250 Kg
    11,250 Kg x ₹2500 = ₹2,81,25,000

  • From year 9 – 20 = 49,500 Kg
    49,500 Kg x ₹2500 = ₹12,37,50,000

  • Total expected revenue for Year 1 – 20 is…
     ₹2,81,25,000 + ₹12,37,50,000 = ₹15,18,75,000

ROI = Over 1000% in 20 years.

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Office Addresses

Pune Office

Matrubhumi Agro Farm Development (OPC) Pvt.Ltd Office no. 310, R Cube, opp vinayak Hospital, RMD college road, Mumbai Banglore Highway Atulnagar Warje, Pune.

Nashik Office

Roongtha futurex 8th floor ofiice no-817 & 818 Govind Nagar to City Center Mall Ring Road, Tidke Colony Rd, Radha Vasudev Batavia Nagar, Govind Nagar, Nashik, Maharashtra 422009

Matrubhumi Agro Farm Development (OPC) Pvt.Ltd Office No.5, 7 Tatkari Complex, Near Kalkai Mata Mandir, Bharne Naka, Mumbai-Goa Highway, Khed, Ratnagiri

Ratnagiri Office